The benefits of rural roading

Some months back I wrote about how roading encourages economic development. This month National Geographic has a story on the benefits of rural roads that the author noted in Vietnam back in 1968.

While agricultural extension agents urged farmers in my district to plant the new IR8 rice, engineers were upgrading the rutted, largely impassable farm-to-market road that linked the eight villages. They finished the road through half of the villages.

Everywhere the new road went, farmers began using the new rice with amazing, almost overnight, results.

Farmers could now harvest two crops of IR8 rice per year. Each new crop produced a higher yield than the six-month floating varieties that had been planted for hundreds of years and had provided barely enough grain for subsistence. For the first time, smallholder farmers had a surplus crop and surplus income.

Families could now invest in metal sheeting to improve the roofs on their homes and purchase better clothing and more nutritious food for their children. The children stayed in school longer, thanks to the little "taxis" that carried them from hamlet to hamlet over the new road. Child mortality dropped, as mothers with sick children could get them medical attention early enough for effective intervention.

The most amazing change, however, was the impact that the new upgraded road had on security. Villages once beset by insurgents and underground guerrillas now became safe to travel both day and night. As the new road opened the way for commerce, information, and opportunities, young people no longer were enticed to join political military movements and uprisings.

Where the upgraded road ended, however, so did the planting of IR8. Life in the four villages without the improved road remained mired in poverty and malnutrition, unchanged from decades earlier. Houses were ramshackle, and children were thin, poorly dressed, and not in school. Security remained a constant and even worsening problem.

So the roads helped

1. Increase income
2. Improve housing
3. Clothe children
4. Feed children
5. Educate children
6. Medicate children
7. Increase security

Seems like infrastructure development is more useful than handing aid money to despots to distribute.

Queensland flood

A large La Nina has increased precipitation and thought to have contributed massive flooding in Australia, though lower peaks in Brisbane than some previous years. Building in areas at flood risk did not help the situation, nor did the release of massive quantities of dam water (and here). The biggest concern is loss of lives, though I note the large difference in injury in countries with significant infrastructure compared with those without. Compare the death toll in Australian floods with that in Pakistan recently: 20 versus > 1000. Or the death-toll in Christchurch compared to Haiti after similar magnitude quakes: 0 versus 250,000. (The Chile earthquake was larger with a death toll ~500.)

Here some clever before and after photos that demonstrate the damage. Mouseover to see change.